Epoch of the intellectual capital.
Epoch of the intellectual capital.
THE WORLD ENTANGLED BY COMPUTER NETWORKS.
New sources of enrichment do not know the customs duties and state
Borders.
Uolter Riston is the honourable chairman of the largest American
Bank CITIGROUP and the author of the book "sovereignty Decline".
() Project Syndicate, December 1998.
Uolter Riston.
We heard about "new economy", based on computer networks much and
Globalisations. Whether it is valid this "new economy" it is new, or it
Simply same old woman at whom it was added new wrinkles?
The world has essentially changed. First of all, has changed and till now
Speed of changes varies.
Radio was required 40 years on getting 50 million
Listeners in America. The TV has won similar number of spectators for 13
Years. The global computer network needed 4 years so that
To catch 50 million users in the country, and its rates
Uses grow with speed of 1000 percent in a year. That expectation, that
Coverage of world communication system will treble each 12 months,
More than correspond to a rule, according to which speed and
The quantity of transistors doubles each 18 months. With coverage increase
Expenses for an information transfer will come nearer to zero.
Though such historically unprecedented speed of changes does
Generalisations more than risky, with confidence it is possible to tell, that one
From the basic ways of change of the world change of a way of creation of riches is.
When it occurs, it is difficult to old ruling classes to agree that
They have become outdated. To similarly how melkopomestnoe the nobility derided
The new industrialists who have polluted the farmer earths by bulks of factories,
Some industrialists deride today's workers of the intellectual
Spheres, calling them "peremeshchateljami hamburgers". More intolerant complain
On "deindustrializatsiju".
Was considered, that deficiency creates cost, that than in bolshem quantity
The given product, by that below its price is made. In case of network economy
Correctly return: one fax is not necessary anything, two faxes already something stand,
1000 cars connected together, have a real value, and it
Increases with each new car connected to a network. The same
Correctly and in relation to network computers. Each new day brings all
It is more to that than examples.
In industrial economy, if in the prospective way of enrichment
The companies free distribution of production, it hardly was
Stimulated development. In new economy such tactics creates
Millionaires. Netscape has distributed free of charge first 40 million copies of the
Software product. Corporation SUN has free of charge given language
Programming Java. Both companies prospered, at first establishing
The standard, and then selling the updated or expanded versions.
One of problems in truth search is the choice of correct words for it
Descriptions. With withering of an epoch of agriculture the whole new dictionary has been invented, and
The world has met such terms, as steam pressure, turns in a minute
And the assembly conveyor. With withering of an industrial century new concepts -
Bits, the bytes, memory accessible only for reading on compact disks
(CDs-ROM) and diskettes describe development of new economy.
Economy which as it is considered, realises changes in ways
Manufacturing of things, goes far behind. For today textbooks on
To economy are full of formulas, but more and more we realise, that the old
The paradigm gives way to a new science about complexity.
The today's global market represents that model, which
Scientists name difficult adaptive system, nonlinear and similar is faster on
Biological, rather than on mechanical system. In spite of the fact that now at
Us is possibility to hire the car at the remote airport,
Equipped with the system of the global notification unmistakably directing us in
Hotel which we never in a life saw, we cannot till now in the such
Degrees to trust our general economic measures.
Such shift towards difficult, information economic
Influences behaviour of the states. When natural resources dominated
Over manufacture, the gain of territories and the control over them seemed
In the way to strengthen the power power. In days of the army Second World War
Fought for the control over the Ruhr pool. Today such property can
To appear in debts. In an industrial century factories grew and became all
Less mobile. While the capital consisted basically of factories, the equipment
And account materials, there was no fear, that the property could or would like
To move, therefore the state held all maps in hands.
In new economy the intellectual capital prevails over
Industrial, and it is mobile. It can move and does it, when
The state hand becomes too heavy or podavljajushcha. Money always
Move there where want, despite of restrictions, and remaining there,
Where them treat kindly. This old rule is applicable as to old, so
And to new economy. However nothing is so portable and
Mobile, as the intellectual capital. Bill Gates who has created the company,
Which possesses one of the highest levels of capitalisation in the world, to
This time passes customs, declaring, that "it has nothing to declare". However
The ring of his wife can be imposed by tax gathering.
Moreover, it is almost impossible to find a product completely consisting from
Materials and the details made only in one country. Such outstanding
The system of manufacture of additional cost in many countries became possible
Thanks to that the information crosses, jumps, jumps
Through frontiers as though they also do not exist. Today
The software written to India, through the companion gets on
Building site in Chicago or in accounting company in New York, or
Somewhere else in the world. The programmer does not require a green map, in
To the entry visa or at physical presence to earn
Money.
This phenomenon creates new type of the economic organisation and changes
Dynamics of, where and as people earn money. In the remote village
There can be a full employment, despite the fact that what any enterprise not
Employs workers in the given district or even in the given country.
Certainly, some old rules are applicable till now. The markets
dvizhutsja upwards and downwards; the mass psychology plays the role. "Invisible
The hand "Adam Smith operates till now, let and electronic image, almost
With a velocity of light. Till now old rules survive, as are based
Not only on economic dogmas, but on a human nature remaining
The invariable. That Adam Smith described as "natural efforts of any
Individual to improve own conditions ", stimulates people,
Moving forward new economy, in the same way, as well as during former times. But
Ways of enrichment have changed strikingly.
New York.
//* an information Source: the Independent newspaper, 24.12.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1081200265.33-------------------------------------------
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