"A monastery distant works and pure neg...".
"A monastery distant works and pure neg...".
Last years of a life of Chekhov have been connected with Crimea.
The first meeting with the Southern coast seen by it in the summer of 1888 with
Steamship boards, has not made on the well-known writer special
Impressions. In the letter to sister he noticed: "All these Gurzufy,
Massandry seem from a steamship lean bushes, and therefore about
The beauty can guess only ".
In the spring of 1894 in connection with deterioration of a state of health Chekhov
Has chosen Crimea for short rest and treatment. "I will go to Gurzuf and
I will breathe there. To do and walk nothing ", - it shares
The plans with writer A.Suvorinym. The acquaintance it even
Has informed the address: "Gurzuf, to Chekhov". But a trip because of bad weather
Has not taken place, and Chekhov could not stop in one of
guboninskih resort hotels - manors "Gurzuf". Instead it
Goes at once to Yalta.
Only in five years, in 1899, A.P.Chehov, already
The Yalta inhabitant, recollects again Gurzuf, which by the end
The XIX-th centuries became the fashionable seasonal resort widely known in
Russia, the truth, is not so much statement of medical business, how much
Luxury and the high prices. At that time at coast became willingly
To be bought up the sites of the earth belonging to local population.
Near to guboninskimi hotels there were private summer residences. Having learnt about
The situation which have developed here, Chekhov in November, 1899 shares with
Sister Maria plans to buy in Gurzuf a small summer residence.
This idea has pleased to sister, and after two months, in
January, 1900, purchase has taken place. "I have bought a slice of coast with
Bathing and Pushkin rock about landing stage and park in Gurzuf.
The whole bay belongs to us now. The house parshivenky, but
Tiled, four rooms, the big outer entrance hall. One big
Tree - a mulberry "... - Chekhov writes to the native.
The Tatar saklya and coast slice have managed to the writer in 3000
Roubles. To use a summer residence it wants for lonely rest and
Literary work. May Maria Pavlovna with mother Evgeniej
JAkovlevnoj spend in Gurzuf, being engaged in an accomplishment of the house and
Change of the court yard leaving directly on the sea. Chekhov enthusiastically
Wrote about him: "Wonderful, dark blue and gentle, as hair of the innocent
Girls. On the bank of it it is possible to live 1000 and not to become bored! "
The visitors overcoming Chekhov in Yalta, have got not at once on its summer residence.
But gradually and gurzufskoe solitary life of the writer begins
To be broken.
In July, 1900 the leading actress of MKhAT Olga Knipper on
Chekhov's to invitation has arrived to Yalta. To it, as to the closest
To the person, the writer has revealed the secret - "a monastery dalnuju works and
Pure neg ", - gurzufsky a small house in which they have spent a little
Happy days. Chekhov is full of new feelings and impressions, it
It is enamoured. The Gurzufsky summer residence serves it not only a place of a solitude and
Rest, here in August, 1900, after Olga's departure
Leonardovny it is accepted to job over the new play "Three
Sisters ". Chekhov creates one of leading roles specially for
Knipper. Anton Pavlovich writes to the actress to Moscow: "Ah, what to you
Role in "Three sisters", what role! If you will give 10 roubles,
You will receive a role, and that I will give to other actress "...
The destiny of this role will be happy, it becomes not only
Liked role Knipper, but also will most full mark its birth
As actresses of a new theatrical direction. It was the first
Product which A.P.Chehov wrote specially by request
Art theatre. In the play the vital were reflected
The impressions saved on years. A leitmotif "to Moscow, to Moscow"
Has been cast by the Yalta moods. Chekhov grieved in Crimea,
Dreamt of Moscow. On August, 11-12th, 1900 the writer has spent in
gurzufskom a small house in a solitude, having considered as a whole a plan.
Circumstances have compelled Chekhov to return to Yalta, where it and
Finishes the play.
On January, 31st, 1901 the premiere of performance on a scene has taken place
Art theatre. Chekhov on a state of health could not
To leave to Moscow. This night phone on "a white summer residence" in Yalta not
Ceased. Congratulatory telegrammes were passed. Spectator
Interest accrued gradually, amplifying from performance to performance.
In 1902 to the play the Griboedovsky award as has been awarded
To the best drama product of a season. According to Knipper,
The play was included deeply and simply into souls of actors and spectators, has subdued
Hearts the charm. Simultaneously grew and kreplo feeling
Actresses to the writer.
On May, 25th, 1901 they have got married in Moscow on Plyuschikha. Them
The trip to Ufa to sanatorium on Koumiss became wedding travel.
After Koumiss there was Yalta, Gurzuf. (Lovely, perfect, silent Gurzuf.
The saklya sheltered on an abrupt slope at Black sea.) on August, 20th
Olga Leonardovna has returned to Moscow to job at theatre. Has begun
Expectation of meetings, almost daily correspondence with each other. "If
We now not together are guilty in it I, you, and a demon,
Installed in me batsill, and in you love to art ", - wrote
To it Chekhov. "Unusual, strange happiness", - has told about their destiny
Literary critic Lakshin.
As Chekhov in deaf "a confidential place", friends aspired and
Acquaintances found a footpath to its monastery. Anton Pavlovich
Gets acquainted with the neigbour - the proprietress of a resort of the Suuk-sou Olga
Mihajlovnoj Solovevoj with which solves the questions connected with
Gurzufsky zemskim school. Soon Chekhov confirm in a rank
The trustee of this educational institution. Close acquaintance Chekhov
There is a teacher of the Tatar school Nikolay Alekseevich
Vinokurov-Chigarin. Going to distant trips, Chekhov left
Summer residence on its care. The teacher carried out some commissions
The writer.
In August, 1900 the Belief became the guest of a Chekhovian small house
Fedorovna Komissarzhevsky - the first featured actress
In the play "Seagull". In 1901-1902 together with Chekhov and others
Members of his family trips to Gurzuf Ivan repeatedly made
Bunin. Actors Stanislavsky were Chekhov's visitors in Gurzuf,
Lilina, writer Ladyzhensky, poet Pleshcheev, artist Levitan and
Others.
Chekhov's state of health has worsened, it any more could often
To happen in Gurzuf. On May, 1st, 1904 the writer has left to Moscow and
Together with the wife has made last trip on a resort
Badenvejler to Germany. There on the night of July, 15th he has died in
One of hotels. Olga Leonardovna has transported its body in
Moscow where it has been buried on a cemetery new-maiden
Monastery.
Two most close feelings has carried by Knipper-Chehova through the
Life: feeling of love to the great writer and attachment to
To theatre where she played leading roles in Chekhovian plays. Liked
Masha in "Three sisters" - in a drama, job over was its role
With which it has been begun by Chekhov during a time of blossoming of their love in "to a saklya
Among rocks "on seacoast in Gurzuf.
The death of the writer in 1904 did not mean the end of a life of the Chekhovian
Small house. Under the testamentary letter the summer residence has passed to his wife. It
Has not married any more, remained correct memory of the writer. The mistress
This house Olga Leonardovna was till 1956. Being already in
Deeply old age, she sells the house to artist Meshkovu.
After his death in 1966 the house gets the Union of artists,
Which opens here base of rest for members of the Union. After two
Decades creative intelligency and the museum world could
To defend a Chekhovian summer residence - it became department Yalta
The house-museum of the writer. In 1994-1995 here it has been spent
Reconstruction, the memorial kind is restored.
The exposition of an office-room of A.P.Chehova is opened;
Materials about the play "Three sisters" are shown. In other two
Rooms art exhibitions are constantly shown.
Svetlana DREMLJUGINA.
A.P.Chehova managing a memorial summer residence in Gurzuf.
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//* an information Source: the Truth-5,10.07.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1080700361.26-------------------------------------------
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