Iran yes Marja.
Iran yes Marja.
In the Kremlin consider, that from the point of view of fashionable nowadays
Pragmatism the sin to refuse sale of the weapon to Iran for the good
Money - let even contrary to opinion of Washington.
The country of brunettes and blondes.
Arrival to Moscow Khatami - the second person in Iran after
The spiritual leader ajatolly Hamenei - event in Russian external
To the politician rather important. To Moscow the Iranian heads of the such
Rank not navedyvalis since times of last shah Mohammed Reza
Pehlevi in 1974.
According to the Kremlin interlocutor of "Profile", in 1996 for
Americans even have promised refusal of cooperation with Iran to us
Share in the market of commercial starts of companions, therefore
"Rosaviakosmos" was one of the main things peregovorshchikov on Iranian
To problem: "But we have forgotten that, refusing from
Cooperation with Iran, we gave a bad signal to other countries,
Which would like to work with us. We showed the
Dependence, showed, that Americans in any
The moment can entice us. Now the United States, probably,
Will refuse technology of confidential transactions with us - a stage of the auctions
Has passed, so we are ready now to cooperation with Iran ".
The deputy of the Duma from LDPR Alexey Mitrofanov believes: "Iran to us
It is important as the neighbour, as the petroexporter, as the possible buyer,
As the country possessing the big influence in the Near East, and as
Counterbalance to influence of Turkey ".
Thus Russia has original "justification"
Cooperation with Iran is serious on duration
Tradition of the Russian-Iranian relations.
During ancient times there were two important trading ways:
One - from the Varangian in Greeks, another - great Volga, and already then
Through Great Bulgariju the Kiev Russia had communication with Iran.
Constant contacts and diplomatic relations at Iran with
By Russia were established at Boris Godunov. In 1813 were
Borders between Russia and Iran on Gjulistansky are defined
To the contract. Later, when in 1826 Iran has decided, that can change
Borders and to promote to caucasus, he has lost war and is compelled
Was to conclude the Turkmanchajsky contract, on which to Russia
Erivansky and Nakhichevan khanates departed. By the way, in preparation
This document poet-diplomat Alexander Griboedov participated,
To which, obviously, have not excused it and have killed in Teheran.
The Turkmanchajsky contract has definitively confirmed borders between
With Russia and Iran also operated till 1991 - up to
Disbandment of the USSR.
In the middle of XIX century Russia has made Iran a zone of interests,
Not to allow to become stronger strongly in this country of England.
Our rivalry with England was so sharp, that at times
Reached to the point of irrationality. For example, the agreement "has been signed About
nestroitelstve railways ". The Iranian shah was cried, that
Englishmen wish to construct road in the south - Russian against, Russian
Wish to construct road in the north - Englishmen against.
This contract operated ten years, therefore Iran
Remained without the roads necessary to it. But rivalry of two great
Powers that has allowed Iran not to appear under whose was
Protectorate and to save statehood. Thus actually
Iran has been divided on two parts - northern which supervised
Russia, and southern which remained beyond England.
In general, Iran has gone through many gains, thus the Mongolian
Invasion in 1223 on time has coincided with an attack the Mongol on
The Kiev Russia. To some extent Iran has rescued us and from invasion
Tamerlana which has directed the armies not towards Russia, and on
The south - to Iran and Azerbaijan. Then, by the way, in Iran it has appeared
A lot of the Turkic population. By the way, the people of Iran ethnically rather
It is various: in one family it is possible to meet and burning brunettes, and
Bright blondes.
To the shah - a floor-mat.
The Iranian shahs were in front of Russia over head and ears in debt, but
After revolution of 1917 Russia has excused to Iran all debts, and in
1921 the contract in which it was said, that we the friend has been signed
To the friend we assist in case of an attack of the third countries and we can
To enter the armies on territory each other.
The leader who has come at this time to the power of the nationalist
The parties, become subsequently the Reza-shah, has finished all
Nationalist movements - that to the internal device
The countries in its plans there was a state capitalism establishment. The shah was
The supporter of the secular state, has forbidden women carrying
parandzhi, gradually cancelled Islamic laws, trying to replace
Their secular. It had been accepted the commercial code resulted in
Full conformity with the European norms. Having limited the power
Clergy, the shah even has attempted upon their earths.
After an attack of Germany to the USSR it became clear, that the best way
Deliveries of military technics and the foodstuffs from the West lays through
The British India and Iran. Then we also have recollected the contract 1921
Year, having entered the armies to Iran up to Teheran. Englishmen
Have occupied a southern part of the country. To the shah, wishing to save a neutrality,
Does not remain anything other how to abdicate in advantage
Son Mohammed Reza Pehlevi, though the Iranian army and
posoprotivljalas couple of days. About gravity of the Soviet presence
In territory of Iran says that Stalin has arrived to Teheran on
Meeting with allies. In general, abroad Stalin from reasons
Safety left all twice (its second voyage was to Potsdam
On peace conference), and that it has appeared in Teheran,
Meant, that in Iran we supervised each door.
After war Iran was reoriented on the USA - in the beginning
60-courses our relations with Iran were only diplomatic.
Again to put in Iran to us have helped, that not wishing,
Americans. The shah wished to create the modern metallurgical
The industry in what the western partners refused to it are and
Became the first push to rapprochement with Moscow. So, the first
The metal works in Isfagane have been constructed by the Soviet
Experts for what it was necessary to master coal and
Iron-ore deposits.
Iran - surprisingly rich country. It as a cave of the Ali-woman,
Which, by the way, settled down in the same Persia. For example, when
The shah began to rush with idea of creation of atomic engineering,
Pessimists giggled: the pier, in Iran though also is everything, but there is no uranium.
But also uranium have found about the city of Ezdoma.
Iranians never so well did not live, as in days of board
Last shah, that, however has not prevented them suit the Islamic
Revolution. The first deputy minister of foreign affairs in
gajdarovskom the government Feodor Shelov-Kovedjaev explains: "the Shah
Pursued a policy of too rigid westernisation in the opinion of the
Subject - believers and their spiritual leaders though it also were
Moderate attempts of introduction of economic models. Besides,
The shah built the secular state where to clergy it was taken away
Only a mosque ".
However managing sector of Iran of Institute of oriental studies Nina
Mamedov believes, that to all fault not a westernisation, and
Mohammed Reza Pehlevi's despotic power: "Economic freedom
Demand also freedom political, and it in Iran was not, therefore
As as a result the shah has left only one party "Revival". Thus
There was a personal dictatorship. Still the shah had bank, earths, the companies,
Actions in all largest hotels. Besides shahskaja the family "sat"
In all companies. When after revolution have been nationalised
All largest companies the list of proprietors, actions also is made
Which were nationalised and confiscated, in the list
There were 37 members shahskoj families ".
Ajatolla, and even Khomeini.
In a word, as Vladimir Vysotsky sang: "the Shah has undersigned for the full
Inability, and we it take and replace. Where to take? Every second at
Us in Turkmenia "ajatolla", and even Khomeini. Perhaps certainly, the USSR and
Has taken a hand in overthrow of last descendant Pehlevi, however and
Americans have rendered to the former Iranian governor clumsy assistance,
Having persuaded it to leave the country.
Having appeared abroad, the shah has completely lost the control over
Situation. At us on replacement was not the "ajatolly",
Even Khomeini, that is why the Russian-Iranian relations more than on
Twenty years have been frozen.
After coming to power in 1979 Islamic revolutionary councils
And provisional government Iran has named the enemy number one
The United States. The USSR with its communistic ideology
The Iranian clergy in general declared the helper of a devil.
Small warming has occurred only to coming to power
Michael Gorbachev with whom Teheran in 1989 has signed
The long-term program of economic cooperation. By the way,
Present arrival of the Iranian president has allowed to sign, except
Other, the new long-term contract for ten years with prolongation
It every five years.
Meanwhile one more strong trump for Moscow in the justification
Cooperation with Teheran: for twenty years a mode of the Islamic
Revolutions in Iran oslab also it was softened. The present Iranian
The president as one of the overall objectives puts even
Creation in the country of a civil society. About the civil
Societies in Iran it is, perhaps, too strongly told, but it is indisputable,
That the policy spent by the present Iranian president, as well as it
Predecessor Ali Akbarom Rafsandzhani, at which in 1989
Changes have been made to the Constitution, strengthened the presidential
The power, sharply differs from a policy of the first years of revolution.
Nina Mamedov tells: "Already government Rafsandzhani
Has started carrying out of market reforms. The new economic
The policy of Iran provided use of the foreign
Credits, liberalisation of the foreign trade course, cancellation
The state pricing, part privatisation
The state enterprises, creation of the free economic
Zones. During reforms Iran has managed more than twice to increase volume
Gross national product counting on soul of the population to begin upgrade of the export
Branches, twice to increase rates of a gain of gross national product, which in 80
Years made 1,7 %, and in 90 have turned to 3,4 %. The leader
Branch while remains oil, providing the country currency.
Economic strategy provides gradual replacement
Export of crude oil by export of production petrochemical
The industries ".
"Needle" in a bag you will not conceal.
As it has already been told, as a result of the contract within the limits of the commission
Mountains-chernomyrdin about joining of Russia to the Antiiranian sanctions
Military-technical cooperation of Moscow and Teheran has interrupted
Six years ago. At that time four agreements, signed in
1989-1991, provided deliveries to Iran 24 fighters
п п п -29, 12 - п я -24п п , two antiaircraft rocket systems S-200VE,
Submarines of the project 877 EKM ("Varshavjanka"), torpedoes, and also
Assistance in equipment of objects of basing of submarines, transfer
The licence and the technical help in manufacture of 1000 tanks T-72S and
1500 infantry fighting vehicles п п п -2.
Essential part of these obligations the Russia which has connected
The arrangement of Mountains-chernomyrdin, naturally, has not executed. It
Has brought monetary losses. Only observance of the mentioned agreements
Gave to the Russian treasury $1,6 billion Besides, in 1998
Teheran has officially declared desire to get eight battalions
Antiaircraft rocket systems S-300PMU1, 1000 portable antiaircraft
Rocket complexes "Needle", 25 military-transport helicopters
п п -17-1п , eight attack planes п я -25, and also the antiaircraft rocket
Systems S-300VM, radar stations "Scale-de", "п п я я п -2п 2"
And other military production. It still almost $2 billion
At Vladimir Putin, in December of last year, the Kremlin
Disavowed arrangement mountains-chernomyrdinskie, having declared, that
Will restore full-scale military-technical cooperation with
Iran.
In the same December the Minister of Defence of the Russian Federation marshal Igor Sergeev
Has visited Teheran where has stipulated principles of the renewed
Cooperation. It was a question of rendering assistance to Teheran in creation
Complex system of air defence of the country, upgrade of park the fighting
Aircraft technicians of the Russian manufacture, major repairs
Arms, creation in Iran of the centre on service of planes
п п п -29 And п я -24п п . Besides, Iran is interested in upgrade
Two "Varshavjanok" and their equipment new protivokorabelnymi
Rockets 3п -54п?. Teheran is intended and to buy lot of boats
The project 12421, equipped with a complex "Mosquito" with the supersonic
protivokorabelnymi with rockets 3п -80п and also to arm the Case
Guards of Islamic revolution by the new high-precision rocket
Complex "Iskander-E" with range of start-up to 280 kilometres.
The Iranian military delegation which has visited the beginning of March on Izhevsk
Electromechanical factory "Dome", has become interested
Surface-to-air missile systems "п п п -п 1" which it is already good
Have proved in the Greek army.
Already then the corresponding Russian-American has begun
Dialogue in a mode "fool" - "the fool". And now, in days of visit
President Khatami to Moscow, the administration of the USA, as a matter of fact, has accused
Russia in infringement of the Antiiranian sanctions. In the answer Vladimir Putin
Declared: Russia not namerena to break the international
Obligations also will deliver to Teheran exclusively
Defensive kinds of arms.
In the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation in general have regarded the American
To the critic as an unfair competition in trade in arms and
Military technics. The high-ranking official of the Ministry of Defence in conversation
With the correspondent of Agency of military news so has commented
Event:
"Last year Teheran, having declared updating of the
Armed forces, de facto declared the tender for purchase of arms.
According to the most conservative estimates, the program costs $25 billion, from
Which Russia can and even is obliged to receive almost third. That
More that American oboronka, despite entering of Iran in
The list of the "countries-derelicts", all these years continued weapon business in
Iran. Why, for example, American planes F-16, for a long time
Consisting on arms of the Iranian Air Forces, still save
The excellent fighting form: after all after the announcement of sanctions of the USA not
Carried out direct deliveries of spare parts and boezapasa to them? But
Absolutely near to Iran Ankara where under the licence make F-16. With
The account of that Turkey - the ally of the USA in this region, conclusions
To make easy ".
Anyhow, on March, 7th Igor Sergeev has discussed with the first
The deputy chief of the Iranian Joint Staff the divisional general
Golalali Rashidom conditions of deliveries to Teheran of systems of air defence,
Attack planes п я -25 and patrol boats. According to Agency
Military news, the question on upgrade of 35 fighters is solved also
п п п -29 And 24 front bombers п я -24 of the Iranian Air Forces.
It is expected, that in May the new weapon contract will be signed with
Iran, and the first deliveries of antiaircraft rocket systems S-300,
Helicopters Mi-17 and attack planes п я -25 will begin in January, 2002.
Besides, Iran has placed the order for spare parts to bronetehnike
(п п п -1, an armored troop-carrier-80, to tanks T-62, п -72, etc.), to a communication facility (speech
Goes and about their replacement by more modern of type "Aqueduct"), and also
To warplanes (п я -24, п я -25, п п пЁ-29) and military-transport and
To shock helicopters (п п -8, п п -17 and п п -24).
To put it briefly, if all these plans are realised,
Military-technical cooperation with Iran will give Russia much
More than originally planned $300-400 million a year.
The enriched Iran.
As to a collision round building by forces of Russia
The Iranian atomic power station in Bushere Moscow has joined in
This project in 1995 when has signed the contract on completion
The first block of station. By the way, building only one the first
The block will bring in the Russian treasury more than $1 billion, this order
It is necessary more than to three hundred Russian enterprises, practically not
Having internal orders.
Americans confirm: Russia, an atomic power station system in Bushere, creates
"The enriched Iran". That is Teheran will by all means use
The industrial technology received from Moscow to create
The nuclear offensive potential.
Really, here already almost thirty years this Near-Eastern
The Islamic state hunts for technologies which can
To bring to it possession the weapon of mass destruction.
Razvedsluzhby the various countries continually fix and
Prevent attempts of Teheran to extract the wished. By data,
Received AVN from competent Russian sources, hunting
Tens Iranian state and legendirovannyh are occupied
Structures. It not only the Iranian investigation, but also a part
The so-called Organization of defensive industry "п п я п п?п?п "
Industrial groups "Dignities", "Shahid Bagheri",
Rocket-industrial group "п п я я п п?", research
Centre "ц б ц ц ц ц ц ц ", departments 148/3, 154, 149/d,
The research organisation on a science and technology IROST,
Shirazsky and Mazandaransky universities.
To potential suppliers of materials and technologies offer
To deliver cargoes in the point located in 50 kilometres to the east
From Teheran, near to small-arms factory "п п я я п п?". By data
Special services, for "purchases" difficult methods of attraction are used
The foreign companies, different sort roundabout maneuvers, attempts any
The price to bypass requirements existing in the various countries to
To the control over export. In particular, in documents on cargo
The false description of production, mis-statement are specified about
The end user, firms of cover and to that are used
The similar.
Therefore the position of Washington insisting on is quite clear
Volume what to trust Teheran nuclear technologies it is inadmissible. In
The answer Moscow denies communication of the Bushersky atomic power station with the nuclear program
Teheran. First of all the station will work under the control
The international agency on an atomic energy (MAGATE) and others
The international organisations. The atomic power station in Bushere already it is now regular
Representatives MAGATE, and while any signs inspect
Military workings out there have found. In the same way, as have found and
Proofs of that the Russian experts give consultations
To the Iranian scientists-atomshchikam who are engaged in working out of military men
Aspects of the nuclear program in other places, for example in
The Teheran university.
Secondly, fuel applied here will be impossible
To use for creation of nuclear warheads, as it
Is subject to export from the country and recycling in Russia.
Meanwhile, similar, nobody is inclined to take on trust
Arguments of other party. Moscow as it has been told, suspects
Washington in a dishonest competition. Washington accuses Moscow in
Demolition of the world balance established for last ten years.
As actually namereny to dispose of "peace atom" in
Teheran - in general nobody knows. Anyhow, in the Kremlin
Consider, that from the point of view of fashionable nowadays a pragmatism a sin
To refuse the Iranian money, considering, that with the statement in
Russia a Putin course of the relation of Moscow and Washington all the same
Are spoilt.
To put it briefly, in for a penny, in for a pound.
JURY GLADKEVICH (Agency of military news), INESSA
THE SLAVUTINSKY.
<$>
//* an information Source: the Profile, 19.03.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 1110300251.05-------------------------------------------
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